主要是纪念一下各种报错处理安装10h离谱环境

引自qemu编译与使用 – 知乎 (zhihu.com)

1.在wsl上利用pip直接安装（不建议）

1.简述

• qemu 是一个硬件虚拟化程序（hypervisor that performs hardware virtualization）
• 通过 binary translation 模拟各种硬件平台（比如在 x86 机器上模拟 ARM 处理器）
• qemu 是一款支持多个 CPU 架构的虚拟机，支持如如 Alpha, ARM, Cris, i386, M68K, PPC, Sparc, Mips, Xtensa等
• 以及大部分的硬件设备，也就可以模拟出不同的目标系统

2.配置qemu

1.安装依赖

sudo apt-get install -y git python3 python3-pip build-essential ninja-build pkg-config  libglib2.0-dev  libpixman-1-dev libslirp-dev

2.安装源码

git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu

git checkout v8.0.0

git submodule update --init --recursive

3.编译源码

可以先查看一下基本的参数

./configure --help

这里我们常用的四个平台，但是为了一劳永逸，建议直接全部安装（这里安装时间会较长，请耐心等待）

./configure --prefix=/opt/qemu

make -j8

make install

4.检查安装

安装后的目录索引

cd /opt/qemu/bin

查看

root@长颈鹿:/opt/qemu/bin# ls
qemu-edid  qemu-img  qemu-nbd        qemu-storage-daemon  qemu-system-arm      qemu-system-riscv64
qemu-ga    qemu-io   qemu-pr-helper  qemu-system-aarch64  qemu-system-riscv32

root@长颈鹿:/opt/qemu/bin# ./qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 9.0.50 (v9.0.0-604-g937e2cb759-dirty)
Copyright (c) 2003-2024 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
root@长颈鹿:/opt/qemu/bin# ./qemu-system-riscv64 --version

5.运行

sudo apt-get install -y libsnappy-dev libpixman-1-dev libpixman-1-dev libjpeg-dev libdaxctl-dev libvdeplug-dev libpmem-dev libgbm-dev libepoxy-dev libgtk-3-0 libaio1 libslirp-dev

6.添加环境变量

1.安装vim（我的wsl是一片白板）

sudo apt-get install vim

2.进入bashrc

vim ~/.bashrc

3.加入qemu的位置

export PATH=$PATH:/opt/qemu/bin

4.检查一下

root@长颈鹿:/opt/qemu/bin# qemu-system-riscv64 --version
QEMU emulator version 4.2.1 (Debian 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.28)
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

7.运行测试

qemu-system-aarch64 -m 2048 -cpu cortex-a57 -smp 2 -M virt -bios QEMU_EFI.fd -nographic \
-drive if=none,file=ubuntu-16.04.3-server-arm64.iso,id=cdrom,media=cdrom \
-device virtio-scsi-device \
-device scsi-cd,drive=cdrom \
-drive if=none,file=ubuntu16.04-arm64.img,id=hd0 \
-device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0

8.退出指令

CTRL+X+A

3.基本参数

1.常用基本参数

1. -M: 指定设备类型
2. -m: 指定内存大小， -m 512M
3. -kernel: 指定内核文件路径
4. -bios: 指定 BIOS 文件路径
5. -smp: 指定虚拟机核心数
6. -S: 冻结 CPU 直到远程 GDB 输入相应命令
7. -s: 启动 GDB 服务，在 1234 端口接受 GDB 调试
8. -initrd: 指定启动文件
9. -dtb: 指定设备树文件路径
10. -nographic: 指定不需要图形界面
11. -append: 指定扩展显示界面、串口或者 LCD
12. -device: 用于指定挂载到总线上的外部设备
13. -netdev: 配置网络设备

2.help展示基本参数全览

root@长颈鹿:/opt/qemu/bin# qemu-system-riscv64 --help
QEMU emulator version 4.2.1 (Debian 1:4.2-3ubuntu6.28)
Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
usage: qemu-system-riscv64 [options] [disk_image]

'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0

Standard options:
-h or -help     display this help and exit
-version        display version information and exit
-machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]]
                selects emulated machine ('-machine help' for list)
                property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator
                supported accelerators are kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg (default: tcg)
                kernel_irqchip=on|off|split controls accelerated irqchip support (default=off)
                vmport=on|off|auto controls emulation of vmport (default: auto)
                kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU in bytes
                dump-guest-core=on|off include guest memory in a core dump (default=on)
                mem-merge=on|off controls memory merge support (default: on)
                igd-passthru=on|off controls IGD GFX passthrough support (default=off)
                aes-key-wrap=on|off controls support for AES key wrapping (default=on)
                dea-key-wrap=on|off controls support for DEA key wrapping (default=on)
                suppress-vmdesc=on|off disables self-describing migration (default=off)
                nvdimm=on|off controls NVDIMM support (default=off)
                enforce-config-section=on|off enforce configuration section migration (default=off)
                memory-encryption=@var{} memory encryption object to use (default=none)
-cpu cpu        select CPU ('-cpu help' for list)
-accel [accel=]accelerator[,thread=single|multi]
                select accelerator (kvm, xen, hax, hvf, whpx or tcg; use 'help' for a list)
                thread=single|multi (enable multi-threaded TCG)
-smp [cpus=]n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,dies=dies][,sockets=sockets]
                set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1]
                maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including
                offline CPUs for hotplug, etc
                cores= number of CPU cores on one socket (for PC, it's on one die)
                threads= number of threads on one CPU core
                dies= number of CPU dies on one socket (for PC only)
                sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system
-numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node]
-numa node[,memdev=id][,cpus=firstcpu[-lastcpu]][,nodeid=node]
-numa dist,src=source,dst=destination,val=distance
-numa cpu,node-id=node[,socket-id=x][,core-id=y][,thread-id=z]
-add-fd fd=fd,set=set[,opaque=opaque]
                Add 'fd' to fd 'set'
-set group.id.arg=value
                set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group>
                i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image
-global driver.property=value
-global driver=driver,property=property,value=value
                set a global default for a driver property
-boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off]
      [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time][,reboot-timeout=rb_time][,strict=on|off]
                'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n)
                'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on
                'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms
                'rb_timeout': the timeout before guest reboot when boot failed, unit is ms
-m [size=]megs[,slots=n,maxmem=size]
                configure guest RAM
                size: initial amount of guest memory
                slots: number of hotplug slots (default: none)
                maxmem: maximum amount of guest memory (default: none)
NOTE: Some architectures might enforce a specific granularity
-mem-path FILE  provide backing storage for guest RAM
-mem-prealloc   preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path)
-k language     use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French)
-audio-help     show -audiodev equivalent of the currently specified audio settings
-audiodev [driver=]driver,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                specifies the audio backend to use
                id= identifier of the backend
                timer-period= timer period in microseconds
                in|out.mixing-engine= use mixing engine to mix streams inside QEMU
                in|out.fixed-settings= use fixed settings for host audio
                in|out.frequency= frequency to use with fixed settings
                in|out.channels= number of channels to use with fixed settings
                in|out.format= sample format to use with fixed settings
                valid values: s8, s16, s32, u8, u16, u32
                in|out.voices= number of voices to use
                in|out.buffer-length= length of buffer in microseconds
-audiodev none,id=id,[,prop[=value][,...]]
                dummy driver that discards all output
-audiodev alsa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= name of the audio device to use
                in|out.period-length= length of period in microseconds
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                threshold= threshold (in microseconds) when playback starts
-audiodev oss,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                in|out.dev= path of the audio device to use
                in|out.buffer-count= number of buffers
                in|out.try-poll= attempt to use poll mode
                try-mmap= try using memory mapped access
                exclusive= open device in exclusive mode
                dsp-policy= set timing policy (0..10), -1 to use fragment mode
-audiodev pa,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                server= PulseAudio server address
                in|out.name= source/sink device name
                in|out.latency= desired latency in microseconds
-audiodev spice,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
-audiodev wav,id=id[,prop[=value][,...]]
                path= path of wav file to record
-soundhw c1,... enable audio support
                and only specified sound cards (comma separated list)
                use '-soundhw help' to get the list of supported cards
                use '-soundhw all' to enable all of them
-device driver[,prop[=value][,...]]
                add device (based on driver)
                prop=value,... sets driver properties
                use '-device help' to print all possible drivers
                use '-device driver,help' to print all possible properties
-name string1[,process=string2][,debug-threads=on|off]
                set the name of the guest
                string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name
                When debug-threads is enabled, individual threads are given a separate name
                NOTE: The thread names are for debugging and not a stable API.
-uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x
                specify machine UUID

Block device options:
-fda/-fdb file  use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image
-hda/-hdb file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image
-hdc/-hdd file  use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image
-cdrom file     use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master)
-blockdev [driver=]driver[,node-name=N][,discard=ignore|unmap]
          [,cache.direct=on|off][,cache.no-flush=on|off]
          [,read-only=on|off][,auto-read-only=on|off]
          [,force-share=on|off][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
          [,driver specific parameters...]
                configure a block backend
-drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i]
       [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f]
       [,snapshot=on|off][,rerror=ignore|stop|report]
       [,werror=ignore|stop|report|enospc][,id=name][,aio=threads|native]
       [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off]
       [,discard=ignore|unmap][,detect-zeroes=on|off|unmap]
       [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]]
       [[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]]]
       [[,bps_max=bm]|[[,bps_rd_max=rm][,bps_wr_max=wm]]]
       [[,iops_max=im]|[[,iops_rd_max=irm][,iops_wr_max=iwm]]]
       [[,iops_size=is]]
       [[,group=g]]
                use 'file' as a drive image
-mtdblock file  use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image
-sd file        use 'file' as SecureDigital card image
-pflash file    use 'file' as a parallel flash image
-snapshot       write to temporary files instead of disk image files
-fsdev local,id=id,path=path,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
 [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode]
 [[,throttling.bps-total=b]|[[,throttling.bps-read=r][,throttling.bps-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total=i]|[[,throttling.iops-read=r][,throttling.iops-write=w]]]
 [[,throttling.bps-total-max=bm]|[[,throttling.bps-read-max=rm][,throttling.bps-write-max=wm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-total-max=im]|[[,throttling.iops-read-max=irm][,throttling.iops-write-max=iwm]]]
 [[,throttling.iops-size=is]]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,socket=socket[,writeout=immediate][,readonly]
-fsdev proxy,id=id,sock_fd=sock_fd[,writeout=immediate][,readonly]
-fsdev synth,id=id
-virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none
        [,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,fmode=fmode][,dmode=dmode][,multidevs=remap|forbid|warn]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,socket=socket[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly]
-virtfs proxy,mount_tag=tag,sock_fd=sock_fd[,id=id][,writeout=immediate][,readonly]
-virtfs synth,mount_tag=tag[,id=id][,readonly]
-virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image
-iscsi [user=user][,password=password]
       [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE
       [,initiator-name=initiator-iqn][,id=target-iqn]
       [,timeout=timeout]
                iSCSI session parameters

USB options:
-usb            enable on-board USB host controller (if not enabled by default)
-usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name'

Display options:
-display spice-app[,gl=on|off]
-display gtk[,grab_on_hover=on|off][,gl=on|off]|
-display vnc=<display>[,<optargs>]
-display curses[,charset=<encoding>]
-display egl-headless[,rendernode=<file>]
-display none
                select display backend type
                The default display is equivalent to
                "-display gtk"
-nographic      disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console
-curses         shorthand for -display curses
-alt-grab       use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-ctrl-grab      use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt)
-no-quit        disable SDL window close capability
-sdl            shorthand for -display sdl
-spice [port=port][,tls-port=secured-port][,x509-dir=<dir>]
       [,x509-key-file=<file>][,x509-key-password=<file>]
       [,x509-cert-file=<file>][,x509-cacert-file=<file>]
       [,x509-dh-key-file=<file>][,addr=addr][,ipv4|ipv6|unix]
       [,tls-ciphers=<list>]
       [,tls-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,plaintext-channel=[main|display|cursor|inputs|record|playback]]
       [,sasl][,password=<secret>][,disable-ticketing]
       [,image-compression=[auto_glz|auto_lz|quic|glz|lz|off]]
       [,jpeg-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,zlib-glz-wan-compression=[auto|never|always]]
       [,streaming-video=[off|all|filter]][,disable-copy-paste]
       [,disable-agent-file-xfer][,agent-mouse=[on|off]]
       [,playback-compression=[on|off]][,seamless-migration=[on|off]]
       [,gl=[on|off]][,rendernode=<file>]
   enable spice
   at least one of {port, tls-port} is mandatory
-portrait       rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD)
-rotate <deg>   rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD)
-vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|tcx|cg3|virtio|none]
                select video card type
-full-screen    start in full screen
-vnc <display>  shorthand for -display vnc=<display>

Network options:
-netdev user,id=str[,ipv4[=on|off]][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr]
         [,ipv6[=on|off]][,ipv6-net=addr[/int]][,ipv6-host=addr]
         [,restrict=on|off][,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr]
         [,dns=addr][,ipv6-dns=addr][,dnssearch=domain][,domainname=domain]
         [,tftp=dir][,tftp-server-name=name][,bootfile=f][,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]]
                configure a user mode network backend with ID 'str',
                its DHCP server and optional services
-netdev tap,id=str[,fd=h][,fds=x:y:...:z][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile]
         [,br=bridge][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off]
         [,vhostfd=h][,vhostfds=x:y:...:z][,vhostforce=on|off][,queues=n]
         [,poll-us=n]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str'
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/qemu-ifup)
                to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/qemu-ifdown)
                to deconfigure it
                use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution
                use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper) to
                configure it
                use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface
                use 'fds=x:y:...:z' to connect to already opened multiqueue capable TAP interfaces
                use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the
                default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576')
                use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag
                use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition
                use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator
                    (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX)
                use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests
                use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device
                use 'vhostfds=x:y:...:z to connect to multiple already opened vhost net devices
                use 'queues=n' to specify the number of queues to be created for multiqueue TAP
                use 'poll-us=n' to speciy the maximum number of microseconds that could be
                spent on busy polling for vhost net
-netdev bridge,id=str[,br=bridge][,helper=helper]
                configure a host TAP network backend with ID 'str' that is
                connected to a bridge (default=br0)
                using the program 'helper (default=/usr/lib/qemu/qemu-bridge-helper)
-netdev l2tpv3,id=str,src=srcaddr,dst=dstaddr[,srcport=srcport][,dstport=dstport]
         [,rxsession=rxsession],txsession=txsession[,ipv6=on/off][,udp=on/off]
         [,cookie64=on/off][,counter][,pincounter][,txcookie=txcookie]
         [,rxcookie=rxcookie][,offset=offset]
                configure a network backend with ID 'str' connected to
                an Ethernet over L2TPv3 pseudowire.
                Linux kernel 3.3+ as well as most routers can talk
                L2TPv3. This transport allows connecting a VM to a VM,
                VM to a router and even VM to Host. It is a nearly-universal
                standard (RFC3391). Note - this implementation uses static
                pre-configured tunnels (same as the Linux kernel).
                use 'src=' to specify source address
                use 'dst=' to specify destination address
                use 'udp=on' to specify udp encapsulation
                use 'srcport=' to specify source udp port
                use 'dstport=' to specify destination udp port
                use 'ipv6=on' to force v6
                L2TPv3 uses cookies to prevent misconfiguration as
                well as a weak security measure
                use 'rxcookie=0x012345678' to specify a rxcookie
                use 'txcookie=0x012345678' to specify a txcookie
                use 'cookie64=on' to set cookie size to 64 bit, otherwise 32
                use 'counter=off' to force a 'cut-down' L2TPv3 with no counter
                use 'pincounter=on' to work around broken counter handling in peer
                use 'offset=X' to add an extra offset between header and data
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using a socket connection
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]]
                configure a network backend to connect to a multicast maddr and port
                use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from
-netdev socket,id=str[,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port]
                configure a network backend to connect to another network
                using an UDP tunnel
-netdev vhost-user,id=str,chardev=dev[,vhostforce=on|off]
                configure a vhost-user network, backed by a chardev 'dev'
-netdev hubport,id=str,hubid=n[,netdev=nd]
                configure a hub port on the hub with ID 'n'
-nic [tap|bridge|user|l2tpv3|vhost-user|socket][,option][,...][mac=macaddr]
                initialize an on-board / default host NIC (using MAC address
                macaddr) and connect it to the given host network backend
-nic none       use it alone to have zero network devices (the default is to
                provided a 'user' network connection)
-net nic[,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v]
                configure or create an on-board (or machine default) NIC and
                connect it to hub 0 (please use -nic unless you need a hub)
-net [user|tap|bridge|socket][,option][,option][,...]
                old way to initialize a host network interface
                (use the -netdev option if possible instead)

Character device options:
-chardev help
-chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,websocket][,reconnect=seconds][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off][,tls-creds=ID][,tls-authz=ID] (tcp)
-chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet][,websocket][,reconnect=seconds]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off] (unix)
-chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr]
         [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off]
         [,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]]
         [,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev ringbuf,id=id[,size=size][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev serial,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parallel,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]
-chardev spiceport,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug][,logfile=PATH][,logappend=on|off]

Bluetooth(R) options:
-bt hci,null    dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands
-bt hci,host[:id]
                use host's HCI with the given name
-bt hci[,vlan=n]
                emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n'
-bt vhci[,vlan=n]
                add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI
-bt device:dev[,vlan=n]
                emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n'

TPM device options:
-tpmdev passthrough,id=id[,path=path][,cancel-path=path]
                use path to provide path to a character device; default is /dev/tpm0
                use cancel-path to provide path to TPM's cancel sysfs entry; if
                not provided it will be searched for in /sys/class/misc/tpm?/device
-tpmdev emulator,id=id,chardev=dev
                configure the TPM device using chardev backend

Linux/Multiboot boot specific:
-kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image
-append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line
-initrd file    use 'file' as initial ram disk
-dtb    file    use 'file' as device tree image

Debug/Expert options:
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,file=<file>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from file
-fw_cfg [name=]<name>,string=<str>
                add named fw_cfg entry with contents from string
-serial dev     redirect the serial port to char device 'dev'
-parallel dev   redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev'
-monitor dev    redirect the monitor to char device 'dev'
-qmp dev        like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode
-qmp-pretty dev like -qmp but uses pretty JSON formatting
-mon [chardev=]name[,mode=readline|control][,pretty[=on|off]]
-debugcon dev   redirect the debug console to char device 'dev'
-pidfile file   write PID to 'file'
-singlestep     always run in singlestep mode
--preconfig     pause QEMU before machine is initialized (experimental)
-S              freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution)
-realtime [mlock=on|off]
                run qemu with realtime features
                mlock=on|off controls mlock support (default: on)
-overcommit [mem-lock=on|off][cpu-pm=on|off]
                run qemu with overcommit hints
                mem-lock=on|off controls memory lock support (default: off)
                cpu-pm=on|off controls cpu power management (default: off)
-gdb dev        wait for gdb connection on 'dev'
-s              shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234
-d item1,...    enable logging of specified items (use '-d help' for a list of log items)
-D logfile      output log to logfile (default stderr)
-dfilter range,..  filter debug output to range of addresses (useful for -d cpu,exec,etc..)
-seed number       seed the pseudo-random number generator
-L path         set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps
-bios file      set the filename for the BIOS
-enable-kvm     enable KVM full virtualization support
-xen-domid id   specify xen guest domain id
-xen-attach     attach to existing xen domain
                libxl will use this when starting QEMU
-xen-domid-restrict     restrict set of available xen operations
                        to specified domain id. (Does not affect
                        xenpv machine type).
-no-reboot      exit instead of rebooting
-no-shutdown    stop before shutdown
-loadvm [tag|id]
                start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor)
-daemonize      daemonize QEMU after initializing
-option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space
-rtc [base=utc|localtime|<datetime>][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew]
                set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only)
-icount [shift=N|auto][,align=on|off][,sleep=on|off,rr=record|replay,rrfile=<filename>,rrsnapshot=<snapshot>]
                enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per
                instruction, enable aligning the host and virtual clocks
                or disable real time cpu sleeping
-watchdog model
                enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none]
-watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|inject-nmi|pause|debug|none
                action when watchdog fires [default=reset]
-echr chr       set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a
-show-cursor    show cursor
-tb-size n      set TB size
-incoming tcp:[host]:port[,to=maxport][,ipv4][,ipv6]
-incoming rdma:host:port[,ipv4][,ipv6]
-incoming unix:socketpath
                prepare for incoming migration, listen on
                specified protocol and socket address
-incoming fd:fd
-incoming exec:cmdline
                accept incoming migration on given file descriptor
                or from given external command
-incoming defer
                wait for the URI to be specified via migrate_incoming
-only-migratable     allow only migratable devices
-nodefaults     don't create default devices
-chroot dir     chroot to dir just before starting the VM
-runas user     change to user id user just before starting the VM
                user can be numeric uid:gid instead
-sandbox on[,obsolete=allow|deny][,elevateprivileges=allow|deny|children]
          [,spawn=allow|deny][,resourcecontrol=allow|deny]
                Enable seccomp mode 2 system call filter (default 'off').
                use 'obsolete' to allow obsolete system calls that are provided
                    by the kernel, but typically no longer used by modern
                    C library implementations.
                use 'elevateprivileges' to allow or deny QEMU process to elevate
                    its privileges by blacklisting all set*uid|gid system calls.
                    The value 'children' will deny set*uid|gid system calls for
                    main QEMU process but will allow forks and execves to run unprivileged
                use 'spawn' to avoid QEMU to spawn new threads or processes by
                     blacklisting *fork and execve
                use 'resourcecontrol' to disable process affinity and schedular priority
-readconfig <file>
-writeconfig <file>
                read/write config file
-no-user-config
                do not load default user-provided config files at startup
-trace [[enable=]<pattern>][,events=<file>][,file=<file>]
                specify tracing options
-plugin [file=]<file>[,arg=<string>]
                load a plugin
-enable-fips    enable FIPS 140-2 compliance
-msg timestamp[=on|off]
                change the format of messages
                on|off controls leading timestamps (default:on)
-dump-vmstate <file>
                Output vmstate information in JSON format to file.
                Use the scripts/vmstate-static-checker.py file to
                check for possible regressions in migration code
                by comparing two such vmstate dumps.
-enable-sync-profile
                enable synchronization profiling

Generic object creation:
-object TYPENAME[,PROP1=VALUE1,...]
                create a new object of type TYPENAME setting properties
                in the order they are specified.  Note that the 'id'
                property must be set.  These objects are placed in the
                '/objects' path.

During emulation, the following keys are useful:
ctrl-alt-f      toggle full screen
ctrl-alt-n      switch to virtual console 'n'
ctrl-alt        toggle mouse and keyboard grab

When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help.

See <https://qemu.org/contribute/report-a-bug> for how to report bugs.
More information on the QEMU project at <https://qemu.org>.

2.在iot-research利用qume的源码编译安装（iot建议的安装方式）

1.这里采用wget拉取源码

这里不要用git拉取源码，会出现文件不完整以及（挂vpn后）下载超时的情况（别问问就是被坑了）

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-8.0.0.tar.xz

2.进入root权限

su root

3.解压源码

tar xvJf qemu-8.0.0.tar.xz

4.进入文件夹

cd qemu-3.0.0

5.构建

./configure

出现了报错

Program scripts/decodetree.py found: YES (/usr/bin/python3.8 /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/scripts/decodetree.py)
Program flex found: NO

../target/hexagon/meson.build:180:8: ERROR: Program 'flex' not found or not executable

A full log can be found at /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/build/meson-logs/meson-log.txt

ERROR: meson setup failed

6.安装依赖

更新包列表

sudo apt-get update

安装依赖

sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev
sudo apt-get install bison flex libssl-dev
sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
sudo apt-get install libaio-dev libcap-ng-dev

7.再次尝试执行

进入文件夹

cd ~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0

运行

./configure

再次出现报错

ERROR: meson setup failed

8.安装更全的依赖

sudo apt-get install git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev \
    ninja-build flex bison libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev libbrlapi-dev \
    libbz2-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev \
    libibverbs-dev libjpeg8-dev libncurses5-dev libnuma-dev \
    librdmacm-dev libsasl2-dev libsdl1.2-dev libseccomp-dev \
    libsnappy-dev libspice-server-dev libssh-dev libvde-dev \
    libvdeplug-dev libvte-2.91-dev libxen-dev liblzo2-dev \
    valgrind xfslibs-dev libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev libcapstone-dev

9.确保python环境

sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip

10.补全缺少的配置文件（meson）

注意前面构造过但是失败了的build文件夹要先删除

rm -rf build

尝试安装报错缺少的库

mkdir build
cd build
meson setup ..

再再出现报错

iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ sudo apt-get install -y git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev \
>     ninja-build flex bison libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev libbrlapi-dev \
>     libbz2-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev \
>     libibverbs-dev libjpeg8-dev libncurses5-dev libnuma-dev \
>     librdmacm-dev libsasl2-dev libsdl1.2-dev libseccomp-dev \
>     libsnappy-dev libspice-server-dev libssh-dev libvde-dev \
>     libvdeplug-dev libvte-2.91-dev libxen-dev liblzo2-dev \
>     valgrind xfslibs-dev libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev libcapstone-dev
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

出现了下载安装的进程的占

手动删除

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

再再再出现报错

iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ ps aux | grep -i apt
root       6201  0.0  0.0   4632   800 ?        Ss   20:17   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/apt/apt.systemd.daily install
root       6218  0.0  0.0   4632  1596 ?        S    20:17   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/apt/apt.systemd.daily lock_is_held install
iot       49786  0.0  0.0  21540  1108 pts/0    S+   20:39   0:00 grep --color=auto -i apt
iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ ps aux | grep -i dpkg
iot       49930  0.0  0.0  21540  1068 pts/0    S+   20:39   0:00 grep --color=auto -i dpkg

存在两个进程的占

iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ ps aux | grep -i apt
root       6201  0.0  0.0   4632   800 ?        Ss   20:17   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/apt/apt.systemd.daily install
root       6218  0.0  0.0   4632  1596 ?        S    20:17   0:00 /bin/sh /usr/lib/apt/apt.systemd.daily lock_is_held install
iot       49786  0.0  0.0  21540  1108 pts/0    S+   20:39   0:00 grep --color=auto -i apt
iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ ps aux | grep -i dpkg
iot       49930  0.0  0.0  21540  1068 pts/0    S+   20:39   0:00 grep --color=auto -i dpkg

直接杀掉

sudo kill 6201
sudo kill 621

如果不行就关机重启再来一次

11.再次尝试补全配置文件（meson）

清理之前的build

cd ~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0
rm -rf build

重新运行

cd ~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0
meson setup build

12.编译安装

cd build
ninja
sudo ninja install

再再再再出现报错

iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ meson setup build
The Meson build system
Version: 1.4.0
Source dir: /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0
Build dir: /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/build
Build type: native build
Project name: qemu
Project version: 8.0.0
C compiler for the host machine: cc (gcc 7.5.0 "cc (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) 7.5.0")
C linker for the host machine: cc ld.bfd 2.30
Host machine cpu family: x86_64
Host machine cpu: x86_64
Program scripts/symlink-install-tree.py found: YES (/usr/bin/python3.8 /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/scripts/symlink-install-tree.py)
Program sh found: YES (/bin/sh)

meson.build:19:21: ERROR: Failed to load /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/build/config-host.mak: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/build/config-host.mak'

A full log can be found at /home/iot/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0/build/meson-logs/meson-log.txt

问题原因：（简单来说高版本不用meson了，但是不能没有）

在尝试使用 Meson 构建 QEMU 时，您遇到了 config-host.mak 文件缺失的问题。这个文件通常是通过运行 QEMU 的 configure 脚本生成的在 QEMU 8.0.0 及之后的版本中，Meson 已经替代了原来的 Makefile 系统，但一些配置步骤仍然需要通过 configure 来完成

13.再次尝试编译安装

运行 configure 脚本以生成配置文件：

cd ~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0
./configure

运行 meson setup 配置 Meson 构建系统

meson setup build

再再再再再出现报错

iot@research:~/Desktop/qemu/qemu-8.0.0$ ./configure
Using './build' as the directory for build output
ERROR: ./build dir already exists and was not previously created by configure

忘记删除演来的build文件了

删了再来

rm -rf build

14.再再次尝试编译安装

./configure
meson setup build

ninjia安装

cd build
ninja
sudo ninja install

最后成功捏